The
Liberal Catholic Apostolic ChurchAn independent Catholic church in the liberal tradition
Apostolic Successions in
the Liberal Catholic
Apostolic Church
The Liberal Catholic Apostolic Church stands in all the major lines of Apostolic Succession from Jesus Christ.
The chief Apostolic heritage of the Church is via the Apostolic Episcopal Church and its Emeritus Primate, Archbishop Bertil Persson. Archbishop Persson is also a bishop of the Philippine Independent Church (IFI), which is a member of the Utrecht Union and in full communion with the Church of England. We value the considerable assistance Archbishop Persson has given to our community and hold him in our prayers as a dear friend of the Church.
The Apostolic Episcopal Church has signed Concordats of Intercommunion with many Christian Churches which thereby recognise the validity of its sacraments. These include The Catholic Apostolic Church [”The Irvingites”] (through Rev. Norman Priddle, Int. HQ, Gordon Square, London, UK), The Syrian Patriarchate of Antioch and All the East (through Patriarchs Moran Mor Ignatius XXXIX Yacoub III and Maran Mor Ignatius Zakka I Iwaz), The Ancient Church of the East (through Patriarch Maran Mar Adhai II), Patriarcat Copte Orthodoxe d’Alexandrie, Eparchie de France (through Amba Marcos), The Melkite-Greek Catholic Church (through Patriarch Maximos V Hakim), Iglesia Católica Apostólica Méxicana (through Archbishop-Primate Emile Rodriguez Fairfield), The Celtic Catholic Church (through Archbishop-Primate Thomas Illtyd Thomas, consecrator of Mar Joannes III), Iglesia Filipina Independiente (through Obispo Maximo Macario Vilches Ga), and the Igreja Católica Apostólica Brazileira (through Archbishop-Primate Luís Castillo Méndez).
In 2008, the Metropolitan Primate of the Liberal Catholic Apostolic Church, Mar Joannes III, was appointed as official representative of the Apostolic Episcopal Church in the UK, in succession to the late Archbishop George Boyer.
The Liberal Catholic Apostolic Church also has Apostolic Successions from other Orthodox churches, the Liberal Catholic Churches, the Roman Catholic Church, the Old Catholics of Utrecht and the Anglican Communion. All these successions, and the agreements of intercommunion mentioned above, establish beyond doubt that the sacraments of the Church are fully valid, and stand as an important means of ecumenical unity. The LCAC considers itself to be in communion with all Christian believers as a universal church.
Some of the key successions are given below, but for a full treatment of the subject, see "The Apostolic Succession in the Liberal Rite" by Mar Joannes III (available via European-American University Press). A further page gives details of a number of esoteric, Gnostic and Rosicrucian lines of succession within the Church.
Details of the Ordinations and Consecrations of Mar Joannes III
Liberal Catholic Successions and Lineages
Esoteric Successions and Lineages
The Historic Successions
Succession from the
Syrian-Orthodox Patriarchate of Antioch
For further details see Mar Georgius' "The Man from Antioch" and Marianno Gervase's "A Notable Episode in Church History". These works contain full details of the instruments of consecration of the bishops up to Mar Georgius.
Succession from the Chaldean Catholic Church
Succession from the Russian Orthodox Church
Note 1: The Philippine Independent Church (IFI) has been in full communion with the Anglican Communion since 1960, and a member of the Utrecht Union since 1965.
Note 2: Bishop Forest E. Barber was also consecrated by Richard, Duc de Palatine (see below) assisted by John Martyn Baxter and Neill P. Jack on 9 June 1967, and further by Herman Adrian Spruit of the Catholic Apostolic Church of Antioch, assisted by Tau Stephanus Hoeller, Neill P. Jack and Jay Davis Kirby on 15 June 1971.
Succession from the Roman Catholic Church
Succession from the Ancient Catholic Church I
Note 3: Bishop-Count Boyer was initially consecrated on 20 May 1956 and again on 15 December 1957 by Archbishop Charles Brearley (see below).
Succession from the Ancient Catholic Church II
Succession from the Liberal Catholic Church
See also the detailed page of Liberal Catholic lineages here.
Succession from the Old Catholic Church of Utrecht via the Polish Mariavite Church and the Free Protestant Episcopal Church
For further details see Mar Georgius' "The Man from Antioch" and Marianno Gervase's "A Notable Episode in Church History". These works contain full details of the instruments of consecration of the bishops up to Mar Georgius.
- Ignatius Boutros IV al-Ma’usili Mar Ignace Peter (1798-1894), then Metropolitan of Emesa (Homs), later 116th Syrian-Orthodox Patriarch of Antioch in succession to ST PETER THE APOSTLE, consecrated as Mar Julius, Bishop of Iona and its dependencies, 6 June 1866:
- Jules Raimond Ferrette (Mar Julius) (1828-1904), who consecrated on 6 March 1874:
- Richard Williams Morgan (Mar Pelagius) (1815-89), First Patriarch, The Ancient British Church (1874). Assisted by Frederick G. Lee, Thomas W. Mossman and John T. Seccombe, all bishops of the Order of Corporate Reunion, Mar Pelagius consecrated on 6 March 1879:
- Charles Isaac Stevens (Mar Theophilus) (1835-1917), Second Patriarch, The Ancient British Church (1889); Second Primus, The Free Protestant Episcopal Church (1900). Assisted by Bishop Alfred S. Richardson, The Reformed Episcopal Church, Mar Theophilus consecrated sub conditione on 8 May 1890:
- Leon Checkemian [Khekemian] (Mar Leon) (1848-1920), Archbishop of Selsey; First Primus, The Free Protestant Episcopal Church (1897). Mar Leon consecrated on 2 November 1897:
- Andrew Charles Albert McLaglen (Mar Andries) (1851-1928), Archbishop of Claremont and Fourth Patriarch, The Ancient British Church; Fourth Primus, The Free Protestant Episcopal Church (1919). Mar Andries consecrated on 4 June 1922:
- Herbert James Monzani-Heard (Mar Jacobus II) (1866-1947), Archbishop of Selsey and Fifth Patriarch, The Ancient British Church; Fifth Primus, The Free Protestant Episcopal Church (1928). Mar Jacobus II consecrated on 13 June 1943:
- William Bernard Crow (Mar Basilius Abdullah III) (1895-1976), Patriarch of Antioch. Mar Basilius Abdullah III consecrated on 10 April 1944:
- Hugh George de Willmott Newman (Mar Georgius) (1905-79), Patriarch of Glastonbury, who assisted by Charles Leslie Saul (Mar Leofric) and Richard Kenneth Hurgon (Mar Dominic-Benignus) consecrated sub conditione on 28 November 1946:
- Herman Philippus Abbinga (Mar Philippus) (1894-1968), Missionary Bishop for Holland and Indonesia, later Primate for Europe, The Apostolic Episcopal Church, who consecrated sub conditione on 31 May 1953:
- Perry Nikolaus Cedarholm (Mar Nikolaus) (1890-1979), Archbishop of the Apostolic Episcopal Church of Scandinavia (1970), who consecrated on 12 December 1971:
- Nils Bertil Alexander Persson (Mar Alexander) (1941-), Primate of the Apostolic Episcopal Church (1986), who consecrated sub conditione on 27 July 1985:
- Thomas Illtyd Thomas (Mar Illtutus) (1918-), Primate of the Celtic Catholic Church (1980), who consecrated on 29 July 2006:
- John Kersey (Mar Joannes III) (1972-), Metropolitan and Primate of the Liberal Catholic Apostolic Church (2008)
Succession from the Chaldean Catholic Church
- Yosif Khayatt (Maran Mar Yosif VI Emmanuel II Thoma) (1852-1947), Patriarch of Babylon, The Chaldean Catholic Church (1900) and in succession from ST THOMAS THE APOSTLE. Assisted by the Bishop of Salmas and Patriarchal Vicar Pierre Aziz, Maran Mar Yosif Emmanuel II Thoma consecrated on 27 May 1917:
- Antoine Lefebvre [Lefberne] (Mar Antoine) (1862-1953), Member, Ordo Antonianus S. Hormisdae Chaldaeorum, Patriarchal Exarch of Western Europe (1917), Delegate and Special Commissary in the USA (1917). Assisted by Mar James (Fernand Portal) and Mar Evodius (Edward Robert Smith), Bishops of The Chaldean Catholic Church, Mar Antoine consecrated on 4 May 1925:
- Arthur Wolfort Brooks (Mar John Emmanuel) (1889-1948), Archbishop-Primate, The Apostolic Episcopal Church (1930). Assisted by Bishops Harold F. A. Jarvis, Charles W. Keller and John M. More-Moreno (Mar Chrystostomos), all of The Apostolic Episcopal Church, Archbishop Brooks consecrated on 13 October 1946:
- Herman Philippus Abbinga (Mar Philippus) (1894-1968), Missionary Bishop for Holland and Indonesia, later Primate for Europe, The Apostolic Episcopal Church, who consecrated sub conditione on 31 May 1953:
- Perry Nikolaus Cedarholm (Mar Nikolaus) (1890-1979), Archbishop of the Apostolic Episcopal Church of Scandinavia (1970), who consecrated on 12 December 1971:
- Nils Bertil Alexander Persson (Mar Alexander) (1941-), Primate of the Apostolic Episcopal Church (1986), who consecrated sub conditione on 27 July 1985:
- Thomas Illtyd Thomas (Mar Illtutus) (1918-), Primate of the Celtic Catholic Church (1980), who consecrated on 29 July 2006:
- John Kersey (Mar Joannes III) (1972-), Metropolitan and Primate of the Liberal Catholic Apostolic Church (2008)
Succession from the Russian Orthodox Church
- Michael Nevskij (Makarij II), Bishop of Tomsk and Barnaul, The Russian Orthodox Church (1895), Metropolitan of Moscow (1912) in succession from ST ANDREW THE APOSTLE. Assisted by Bishop Innokentij (Alexander Dmitrievich Pustynsky), The Russian Orthodox Diocese of North America and Aleutian Islands, Bishop Makarij consecrated on 4 January 1904 (December 13th Old Style):
- Basil Michaelovich Meschersky (Eudokim), ruling Hierarch in the Western Hemisphere for the Patriarchate of Moscow and all Russia, Tikhon, Archbishop, The North American Diocese of The Russian Orthodox Church (1914). Assisted by Bishops Stephen (Alexander Stepanovich Dzubay) and Aleksandr (Aleksandr Aleksandrovich Nemolovskij), both of The North American Diocese of The Russian Orthodox Church, Archbishop Eudokim consecrated on 13 May 1917:
- Abdullah Ofiesh (Aftimios) (1880-1966), Archbishop, The Syrian Orthodox Mission of The North American Diocese of The Russian Orthodox Church (1923), Founder & Archbishop, The Holy Eastern Orthodox Catholic and Apostolic Church in North America (The American Orthodox Catholic Church) (1927). Assisted by Metropolitan Elias of Tyre and Sidon, The Syrian Orthodox Patriarchate of Antioch and All the East and Bishop Emmanuel (Rizkallah Abo-Hatab), The Syrian Orthodox Mission of The North American Diocese of The Russian Orthodox Church, Archbishop Aftimios consecrated on 26 May 1928:
- Sophronius Bishara (1888-1940), Archbishop, The Syrian Orthodox Mission of The North American Diocese of The Russian Orthodox Church (1933), Archbishop, The Holy Eastern Orthodox Catholic and Apostolic Church in North America (The American Orthodox Catholic Church) (1933). Assisted by Archbishop-Exarch [Benjamin] Veniamin (Ioann Athenasievich Fedchenkov), The North American Diocese of The Russian Orthodox Church, Archbishop Sophronios consecrated on 7 November 1933:
- John M More-Moreno (Mar Chrysostomos)
(d.1952), Archbishop, The Holy Eastern Orthodox Catholic and Apostolic
Church in North America (The American Orthodox Catholic Church) (1934),
Primate, The Apostolic Episcopal Church (1949). Assisted by Rev. David
Leonarides, The Greek Orthodox Patriarchate of Jerusalem, Mar
Chrysostomos consecrated on 6 December 1949:
- Perry Nikolaus Cedarholm (Mar Nikolaus) (1890-1979), Archbishop of the Apostolic Episcopal Church of Scandinavia (1970), who consecrated on 12 December 1971:
- Nils Bertil Alexander Persson (Mar Alexander) (1941-), Primate of the Apostolic Episcopal Church (1986), who consecrated sub conditione on 27 July 1985:
- Thomas Illtyd Thomas (Mar Illtutus) (1918-), Primate of the Celtic Catholic Church (1980), who consecrated on 29 July 2006:
- John Kersey (Mar Joannes III) (1972-), Metropolitan and Primate of the Liberal Catholic Apostolic Church (2008)
The Modern Successions
Succession from the Anglican Communion (Church of England)- Randall Thomas Davidson (1848-1930), KCVO, Archbishop of Canterbury in the Church of England, Baron Davidson of Lambeth, consecrated in 1909:
- Arthur Lea (1868-1958) as Bishop of Kyushu, who assisted by Rolleston S. Fyffe, Bishop of Rangoon, and John McKim, Bishop of North Tokyo, consecrated in 1912:
- Henry St. George Tucker as Bishop of Kyoto (later Virginia in ECUSA), who, assisted by John McKim, Bishop of North Tokyo, and John G. Murray, Bishop of Maryland, consecrated in 1928:
- Norman Spencer Binsted (1890-1961), missionary bishop for the Philippines (ECUSA), who, assisted by ECUSA bishops Robert Franklin and Harry Sherbourne Kennedy, on 7 April 1948 consecrated:
- Isabelo de los Reyes, Jr., (1900-71), Obispo Maximo of the Iglesia Filipina Independiente (IFI) (see note 1) (1946), who assisted by Manuel N. Aguilar and Alejandro Remollino of the IFI on 22 September 1957 consecrated:
- Francisco de Jesus Pagtakhan (1916-), Archbishop of the Americas and of the Cagayan Valley, who assisted by Archbishop Manuel Lagasca, President of the Supreme Council of Bishops, and Fortunato Magdaleno, Bishop of Cavite, on 25 February 1986 consecrated:
- Forest Ernest Barber (1922-92) (see note 2) as Missionary-Bishop of Kalinga-Apayapo-Ifugao of the IFI, who assisted by Archbishop-Primate Emile F. R. Fairfield, Iglesia Ortodóxa Católica Apostólica Méxicana, and Bishop Paul G. W. Schultz, Iglesia Ortodóxa Católica Apostólica Méxicana and Apostolic Administrator of The Apostolic Episcopal Church of USA, consecrated sub conditione on 14 June 1987:
- Nils Bertil Alexander Persson (Mar Alexander) as Archbishop for Europe, IFI, later confirmed by Archbishop Macario V. Ga, Obispo Maximo, as IFI Official Representative for Europe and the UK (1991), who on 19 December 1987 consecrated sub conditione:
- Thomas Illtyd Thomas (Mar Illtutus) (1918-), Primate of the Celtic Catholic Church (1980), who consecrated on 29 July 2006:
- John Kersey (Mar Joannes III) (1972-), Metropolitan and Primate of the Liberal Catholic Apostolic Church (2008)
Note 1: The Philippine Independent Church (IFI) has been in full communion with the Anglican Communion since 1960, and a member of the Utrecht Union since 1965.
Note 2: Bishop Forest E. Barber was also consecrated by Richard, Duc de Palatine (see below) assisted by John Martyn Baxter and Neill P. Jack on 9 June 1967, and further by Herman Adrian Spruit of the Catholic Apostolic Church of Antioch, assisted by Tau Stephanus Hoeller, Neill P. Jack and Jay Davis Kirby on 15 June 1971.
Succession from the Roman Catholic Church
- Carlos Duarte Costa (1888-1961), Bishop of Botucatu (1924) and Maura (1937) in the Roman Catholic Church; founder of the Brazilian National Catholic Church (ICAB) (1945), on 3 May 1948 consecrated:
- Luis Fernando Castillo-Mendez, (1922-), Patriarch, ICAB (1988), who assisted by Melquiades Rosa Garcia and Bartolomeu Sebastiao Vileda on 30 January 1985 consecrated:
- Forest Ernest Barber (1922-92), who assisted by Archbishop-Primate Emile F. R. Fairfield, Iglesia Ortodóxa Católica Apostólica Méxicana, and Bishop Paul G. W. Schultz, Iglesia Ortodóxa Católica Apostólica Méxicana and Apostolic Administrator of The Apostolic Episcopal Church of USA, consecrated sub conditione on 14 June 1987:
- Nils Bertil Alexander Persson (Mar Alexander), Primate of the Apostolic Episcopal Church (1986), who on 19 December 1987 consecrated sub conditione:
- Thomas Illtyd Thomas (Mar Illtutus) (1918-), Primate of the Celtic Catholic Church (1980), who consecrated on 29 July 2006:
- John Kersey (Mar Joannes III) (1972-), Metropolitan and Primate of the Liberal Catholic Apostolic Church (2008)
Succession from the Ancient Catholic Church I
- Hugh George de Willmott Newman (Mar Georgius) (1905-79), Patriarch of Glastonbury (for whose antecedents see above), consecrated sub conditione and enthroned on 27 May 1950, assisted by Richard Kenneth Hurgon (Mar Dominic-Benignus):
- Harold Percival Nicholson (Mar Joannes I) (1905-68), Founder and Primate of the Ancient Catholic Church, who assisted by Mar Georgius consecrated as Titular Bishop of Hebron in the Ancient Catholic Church on 14 April 1952:
- Philip Charles Stuart Singer (Mar Philippus) (1910-71), who assisting Mar Georgius consecrated on 25 October 1953:
- Ronald Powell (Richard John Christian, Duc de Palatine) (1916-78), Archbishop-Primate, The Pre-Gnostic Catholic Church, who on 10 August 1958 consecrated sub conditione:
- Count George William Boyer (1921-2008) (see note 3), Bishop-Primate, The Pre-Nicene Ekklesia, who on 28 May 1983 consecrated sub conditione:
- Nils Bertil Alexander Persson (Mar Alexander) (1941-), Primate of the Apostolic Episcopal Church (1986), who consecrated sub conditione on 27 July 1985:
- Thomas Illtyd Thomas (Mar Illtutus) (1918-), Primate of the Celtic Catholic Church (1980), who consecrated on 29 July 2006:
- John Kersey (Mar Joannes III) (1972-), Metropolitan and Primate of the Liberal Catholic Apostolic Church (2008)
Note 3: Bishop-Count Boyer was initially consecrated on 20 May 1956 and again on 15 December 1957 by Archbishop Charles Brearley (see below).
Succession from the Ancient Catholic Church II
- Harold Percival Nicholson (Mar Joannes I) (1905-68), Founder and Primate of the Ancient Catholic Church (see above), who assisted by Mar Georgius consecrated as Titular Bishop of Hebron in the Ancient Catholic Church on 14 April 1952:
- Philip Charles Stuart Singer (Mar Philippus) (1910-71), who exchanged consecrations sub conditione on 14 November 1954 with:
- Charles E. Brearley (Ignatius Carolus) (d 1976), Primate and Archbishop of Danum, The Old Holy Catholic Church, who on 30 July 1967, assisted by Anthony Walter John Williams, consecrated:
- Donald William Garner (1914-81), Primate, The Reformed Catholic Church of the Utrecht Succession, who on 21 April 1968 consecrated:
- Aelred Terence Peter Coghlan Distin (1938-2007), Archbishop-Metropolitan, The Old Catholic Church of Great Britain (1968) who on 6 June 2004 consecrated:
- Phillip Robert Kemp (Mar Francis) (1965-), Archbishop-Metropolitan, The Old Catholic Church of Great Britain (2004), who assisted by Andrew Linley on 11 November 2006 consecrated sub conditione:
- John Kersey (Mar Joannes III) (1972-), Metropolitan and Primate of the Liberal Catholic Apostolic Church (2008)
Succession from the Liberal Catholic Church
- James Ingall Wedgwood (1883-1951), 1st Presiding Bishop of The Liberal Catholic Church (consecrated as The Regionary Bishop of The Old Catholic Church in England) on 22nd July 1916 consecrated:
- Charles Webster Leadbeater (1854-1934), 2nd Presiding Bishop of The Liberal Catholic Church; who on 9th March 1924 consecrated:
- Ray Marshall Wardall (1877-1953), 4th Presiding Bishop, Liberal Catholic Church International, who on 14 September 1947 consecrated:
- Edward Murray Matthews (1898-1985), 5th Presiding Bishop, Liberal Catholic Church International and subsequently Bishop in the Liberal Catholic Church, Province of the United States (1976), who on 2 October 1955 consecrated:
- William Henry (Harry) Daw (d.1986), 7th Presiding Bishop of the Liberal Catholic Church International (1970), who assisted by Donald Jolly-Gabriel, Liberal Catholic Church of Ontario (a Province of the LCCI), and Peter Wayne Goodrich, LCCI, on 16 March 1980 consecrated:
- Robert Vincent Bernard Dawe, first Primate, Independent Catholic Church International (a Province of the LCCI), who on 16 June 1982 consecrated:
- Alan Maxwell Bain (1933-2006), Independent Catholic Church Federation, who on 28 May 1983 consecrated:
- Nils Bertil Alexander Persson (Mar Alexander) (1941-), Primate of the Apostolic Episcopal Church (1986), who consecrated sub conditione on 27 July 1985:
- Thomas Illtyd Thomas (Mar Illtutus) (1918-), Primate of the Celtic Catholic Church (1980), Assistant Bishop, Liberal Catholic Church of Ontario (1986), who consecrated on 29 July 2006:
- John Kersey (Mar Joannes III) (1972-), Metropolitan and Primate of the Liberal Catholic Apostolic Church (2008)
See also the detailed page of Liberal Catholic lineages here.
- Francis Valentine Woodhouse (1805-1901), one of those appointed to the twelvefold Restored Apostleship of the Catholic Apostolic Church in 1835, consecrated as Angel-Bishop:
- Johann Brugger (1851-1926), Angel-Bishop in the Catholic Apostolic Church, who assisted Pierre-Gaston Vigue in consecrating on 3 June 1924:
- Aloysius Stumpfl (Mar Timotheos II) (1900-51), Metropolitan of Aquileia, who on 28 June 1947 consecrated sub conditione:
- Charles Leslie Saul (Mar Leofric) (1906-91), Archbishop of Suthronia, who on 14 July 1947, consecrated sub conditione as an Angel and Bishop in the succession of the Restored Apostles, and declared as Archangel by virtue of his office:
- Mar Georgius (see above)
Succession from the Old Catholic Church of Utrecht via the Polish Mariavite Church and the Free Protestant Episcopal Church
- Gerardus Gul, Archbishop of Utrecht in the Old Catholic Church, on 5 October 1909 consecrated (assisted by Utrecht OCC bishops Arnold Harris Mathew, J.J. van Thiel, J. Demmel and M.B.P. Spit):
- Jean-Marie (Michael) Kowalsky, Archbishop of Felicianov, Primate of the Old Catholic Church of the Mariavites, who on 4 September 1938 consecrated:
- Marc-Marie-Paul Fatome, Mariavite Regionary Bishop for France, who on 9 October 1949 consecrated:
- Paulus Helmut Norbert Maas, Mariavite Regionary Bishop for Germany, who on 24 May 1953 consecrated:
- Efrem Maria Mauro Fusi, Mariavite Bishop for Italy, who on 26 May 1954 consecrated:
- Clemente Alfio Sgroi Marchese, Mariavite Bishop for Sicily, who consecrated both Mar Georgius and Harold Nicholson (see above) on 18 September 1954:
- Hugh George de Willmott Newman (Mar Georgius) (1905-79), Patriarch of Glastonbury, who on 6 July 1956 consecrated:
- Charles Dennis Boltwood (1889-1985), Seventh Primus of the Free Protestant Episcopal Church (1959), who on 16 October 1966 consecrated:
- Albert John Fuge, Sr., (1911-82), Eighth Primus, The Free Protestant Episcopal Church (1978), who on 21 May 1972 consecrated:
- John Lawrence Brown, FPEC in the Philippines, who on 31 December 1973 consecrated:
- Donald Lawrence Jolly-Gabriel, Liberal Catholic Church of Ontario, who with William Henry (Harry) Daw, LCCI, and Peter Wayne Goodrich, LCCI, on 16 March 1980 consecrated:
- Robert Vincent Bernard Dawe, first Primate, Independent Catholic Church International (a Province of the LCCI, who on 16 June 1982 consecrated:
- Alan Maxwell Bain (1933-2006), Independent Catholic Church Federation, who on 28 May 1983 consecrated:
- Nils Bertil Alexander Persson (Mar Alexander) (1941-), Primate of the Apostolic Episcopal Church (1986), who consecrated sub conditione on 27 July 1985:
- Thomas Illtyd Thomas (Mar Illtutus) (1918-), Primate of the Celtic Catholic Church (1980), who consecrated on 29 July 2006:
- John Kersey (Mar Joannes III) (1972-), Metropolitan and Primate of the Liberal Catholic Apostolic Church (2008)







